In a portfolio tracking, a securities account is used to track investments in various securities such as stocks, bonds, mutual funds and ETF's. The software summarizes important information related to the securities, such as gains or losses, transaction costs and taxes.

A cash account is used to track cash balances and transactions within the portfolio. This includes cash held in a brokerage account, money market fund, or other cash-equivalent account. The software records the cash balance and any transactions made within the cash account, such as deposits, withdrawals, and interest earned.

By combining information from both the securities and cash accounts, a portfolio tracking software provides a comprehensive view of an investor's overall portfolio.

In a portfolio tracking, transactions refer to any actions related to the buying or selling of securities.

• Opening balance: This refers to the starting balance of the portfolio, which includes the value of all assets held in the portfolio at the beginning of the tracking period or at the end of the financial year.
• Buy: A buy transaction is recorded when the investor purchases a new security or asset for their portfolio. The transaction includes the date of purchase, the name of the security or asset, the quantity purchased, and the purchase price.
• Sell: A sell transaction is recorded when the investor sells an existing security or asset from their portfolio. The transaction includes the date of sale, the name of the security or asset, the quantity sold, and the sale price.

By tracking these transactions in a portfolio tracking , investors can get a clear view of the activity in their portfolio and monitor the performance of their investments.

In addition to tracking investments and securities, other financial transactions such as income and expenses can also be recorded. These transactions help provide a complete picture of the financial activity in the portfolio.

• Income: Reflect any income generated by the portfolio, such as interest, refund, capital gain, return of capital.
• Expense: Reflect any expenses incurred by the portfolio, such as interest, commissions, charges, capital loss.

Corporate actions are events that may affect the value of securities held in a portfolio. A portfolio tracking allow users to record these events for accurate performance measurement. Dividends, stock splits and reverse stock split can be automatically created as transactions for all supported markets by calling "Record Splits/Dividents" in Transaction Manager.

• Dividend: A payment made by a company to its shareholders, usually in cash or additional securities.
• Return of Capital: A payment made by a company to its shareholders that reduces the amount of the investor's original investment.
• Bonus Shares: Additional shares given to shareholders by the company, usually as a result of profits or a stock split.
• Stock Split: A corporate action where a company divides its existing shares into multiple shares, increasing the number of shares outstanding and reducing the price per share.
• Reverse Stock Split: A corporate action where a company consolidates its existing shares into fewer shares, decreasing the number of shares outstanding and increasing the price per share.
• Renounceable Rights: Is a type of corporate action where existing shareholders are offered the opportunity to purchase additional discounted shares, with the option to sell their rights to someone else. The offer can be presented as a buy transaction.
• Initial Public Offering (IPO): Is a type of corporate action in which a private company offers its shares to the public for the first time, thereby becoming a publicly traded company. The offer can be presented as a buy transaction.
• Demerger/Spin-Off: A corporate action where a company separates a part of its business into a new, independent company. Depending on the situation, demerger can be represented as several single transactions such as Opening Balance and Cost Basis Adjustment.
• Mergers and Acquisitions: A transaction where one company acquires another company, either through a merger or acquisition. In a merger there are several scenarios such as receiving cash and or receiving shares of the new company. Depending on the situation, merger can be represented as several single transactions such as return of capital, buy and sell. The cash account can be set to "none" in the Buy/Sell transaction if cash account balance should not be changed.
• Name Change: A name change is a type of corporate action in which a company changes its name. This can be done for various reasons, such as rebranding, mergers and acquisitions. Name can be changed by calling "Change Ticker Symbol" in the Transaction Manager.
• Share Buyback (Repurchase): Is a type of corporate action in which a company buys back its own shares from shareholders. This can be done for various reasons, such as to increase the value of remaining shares, to return capital to shareholders, or to reduce the number of outstanding shares. The buyback can be presented as a sell trade at the buyback price.

Cost Basis Adjustment and Share Adjustment are corporate action transactions that help to reflect changes in the cost basis and number of shares of a security resulting from events such as mergers/acquisitions, demergers/spin-off and bonus shares. Cost basis adjustment accounts for changes in the cost basis of a security, while share adjustment accounts for changes in the number of shares of a security held in an account.